What geological process leads to the formation of mid-ocean ridges between two oceanic plates?

Mid-ocean ridges are formed through the geological process known as divergence, which occurs when two oceanic plates move away from each other. As these plates separate, magma from the mantle rises up to fill the gap, creating new oceanic crust in a process called seafloor spreading. This rising magma solidifies as it comes into contact with the cooler ocean water, leading to the formation of the ridge.

This process not only generates new crust but also creates geological features such as volcanic islands and underwater mountains, contributing to the dynamic nature of Earth's surface. The mid-ocean ridges are typically characterized by rift valleys and volcanic activity, illustrating the ongoing divergence of tectonic plates. Through this continual process, the mid-ocean ridges serve as a significant part of the global tectonic system, showcasing the interactions of oceanic plates.