What is a transform fault?

A transform fault is defined as a type of fault where two tectonic plates slide past one another horizontally. This lateral movement occurs without the creation or destruction of the lithosphere, distinguishing transform faults from other types of plate boundaries. The sliding motion can lead to the buildup of stress, which, when released, may cause earthquakes along the fault line.

Transform faults are often found in areas where the plates are in contact, creating significant geological features but not typically resulting in volcanic activity, as seen in other fault types. This sliding motion is critical to understanding various geological processes, such as the interactions between Earth's tectonic plates.